CONNECTION BETWEEN THE RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND THE THEORY

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Trust worthiness

In order for the study to achieve reliable and sustainable results, evaluations of reliability and validity were conducted throughout the study. The reliability is all about minimizing the number of errors (Yin, 2007). This can be achieved by using different procedures to document as properly as possible. It is important for the authors to conduct an interview with profound knowledge of the issue being studied (Yin, 2007). This was obtained by being prepared on literature research before the interviews took place. The interviews were documented by both authors to see if the interview answers yield the same comprehension. The interview answers were thereafter discussed between both authors, analyzed and documented after the interviews ended. In order to simplify the analysis and the discussions of answers the authors recorded the interviews. This technique was used in order to minimize the Metho risks of losing important information. Hence, this results in achieving higher reliability (Patel & Davidson, 2012). Triangulation was used for configuration of data
– in other words, various methods were used for data collection such as interviews, observations and document studies. The use of multiple methods is aimed at ensuring high reliability through results and conclusions that are based on different sources (Yin, 2007).
Reliability and validity are related to each other, which means that it is not possible to just prioritize one of them and exclude the other. Good reliability is a requirement in order to have good validity (Patel & Davidson, 2012). Validity can be defined as measuring instruments ability to measure what one intends to measure. There are two different types of validity, internal and external. The internal validity refers to whether the result is consistent with the reality but also if what is said to be measured is actually measured (Merriam, 2010). The extent to which the results of a study can be generalized beyond the current case study is called external validity (Merriam, 2010).
The problem area regarding packaging systems can be applied on other companies. The study was conducted at Volvo Car Corporation with a result that is expected to be applicable within similar businesses because of the general approach the study comprises. Therefore, the study achieves external validity. The internal validity was ensured through a working procedure. The purpose and research questions were formulated in regards to the background and the problem statement. This created a better understanding of what is being studied. Thereby, the approach could be determined for how to answer the research questions. Hence, this is considered to contribute to high validity. The high validity has also been achieved by “Patternmatching”. According to Yin (2007), it is a good technique to achieve good validity.

One-way packaging

One-way packaging is a packaging system that is used during transports from a sender to a receiver. The one-way packaging is disposed after being used once during transports since the material of the one-way emballage is made out of cardboard. The most common one-way packaging that VCC uses is the standard emballage. The oneway packaging can only handle one transport from a sender to a receiver before being discarded. VCC often uses one-way packaging for long distances and/or when receiving spontaneous orders from their customers. In this case customer order needs to be transported as fast as possible. The packaging engineer and developer say that, “Standard one-way emballage is the most appropriate and cost efficient emballage to use during these situations”. There is also an ease of planning the transports of standard one-way emballage compared to returnable emballage. The standard emballage are ordered from an external company called Papyrus. The emballage from Papyrus are made out of cardboard boxes. Papyrus has standard emballage that consists of the right measurements and volumes for VCC when the packages arrive into the company. The standard emballage are therefore used in VCC’s production line without the need for many adjustments. Standard emballage can also be ordered from other external companies with other measurements that need more adjustments before being placed into the production line. A standard one-way emballage does not only consist of the package (box) itself but also a pallet, lid and minimum four frames that the one-way box is placed into.
Standard one-way emballage are not as robust as returnable emballage even though one-way emballage have frames, lid and a pallet. This because the one-way emballage are loose within the frames and can move around during the transports. The cardboard boxes can therefore get damaged during transports. Many standard emballage that VCC uses are often damaged when the packages pass through many borders during transports to their global customers. The reason for damaged emballage is plenty of loading and unloading activities that occur when the emballage passes the borders.
The quality of the cardboard boxes needs to be managed carefully in order for them not to be damaged.

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1 Introduction
1.1 BACKGROUND
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
1.3 PURPOSE AND RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1.4 SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS
1.5 DISPOSITION
2 Method
2.1 CONNECTION BETWEEN RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND METHOD
2.2 RESEARCH PROCESS
2.3 APPROACH
2.4 DESIGN
2.5 DATA COLLECTION
2.5.1 Literature study
2.5.2 Interviews .
2.5.3 Observations
2.5.4 Document studies
2.6 DATA ANALYSIS
2.7 TRUSTWORTHINESS ..
3 Theoretical framework
3.1 CONNECTION BETWEEN THE RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND THE THEORY
3.2 PACKAGING
3.3 PACKAGING SYSTEMS
3.3.1 One-way packaging
3.3.2 Returnable packaging
3.4 PACKAGING COSTS
3.4.1 Transportation .
3.4.2 Handling
3.4.3 Quality (Product Protection)
3.4.4 Waste
3.5 PARAMETERS
3.6 DECISION MODELS
3.6.1 Critical point/tipping point
4 Empirical data
4.1 COMPANY DESCRIPTION
4.2 ONE-WAY PACKAGING .
4.3 RETURNABLE PACKAGING .
4.4 REPACKING
4.5 PACKAGING COSTS
4.6 PARAMETERS .
4.7 SUMMARY .
5 Analysis .
5.1 WHAT PARAMETERS ARE CRUCIAL AND SHOULD BE CONSIDERED REGARDING ONE-WAY PACKAGING AND RETURNABLE PACKAGING DECISIONS?
5.3 HOW DO THE IDENTIFIED PARAMETERS INTERACT WITH EACH OTHER IN TERMS OF DECISION FOR A TIPPING POINT REGARDING ONE-WAY- AND RETURNABLE PACKAGING?
5.4 SUMMARY
6 Discussion and Conclusions