East African Politicians and the Establishment of the EAC, 1950s

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Regional Integration in East Africa from 1924 to 1926

The first phase in the process of regional integration in East Africa began in July 1924 when the British Colonial Office in London decided to appoint a fourmember Commission and tasked it to look into the matter very closely and make concrete recommendations that would take the process forward. The chairman of this Commission was the Hon. W. G. A. Ormsby-Gore, a Conservative M.P. in the British Parliament. Other members of the Ormsby-Gore or the East Africa Commission were: Major A. G. Church (Labour MP), Mr. F.C. Linfield (Liberal MP) and Mr. J. A. Cadler who represented the British Colonial Office, and also served as the Commission’s secretary.

Attempts at Closer Union, 1927-1948

By 1927 the quest for regional integration in East Africa was starting to gain momentum. Following the recommendations of the East Africa Commission that regional integration should be initiated locally the British government reluctantly conceded and allowed its Governors in the region to play a somewhat leading role. However, it still could not give them total freedom to do as they deemed fit. In 1927 the British government issued a White Paper in which it stressed the importance of closer union in East Africa. The paper called for more investigation on how to practically proceed with the process of bringing together these East African countries.

The Raisman Commission

Although there was general consensus on what needed to be done to accelerate the process, it was still felt necessary to map up a clear programme of action. To this effect, East African leaders asked Iain Macleod, Secretary of State for the Colonies to appoint a Commission of Enquiry that would examine certain aspects of the arrangements already in force in East Africa at the time for a common market area and economic co-ordination between the territories. Macleod accepted the request and appointed a three-member Commission in July 1960, chaired by Jeremy Raisman. The other two members of this Commission were: A. J. Brown and R. C. Tress.

Declaration of Federation

By the middle of 1963 all seemed to be going according to plan. There were very strong sentiments amongst the three East African countries for both economic and political federation. This was to be finalized at the end of the year when Kenya achieved her independence, at which point a regional constitution would then be drafted. These sentiments brought East African politicians even closer to one another more than ever before. On 5 June 1963, Presidents Kenyatta, Nyerere and Obote amicably agreed to sign a historic Declaration in Nairobi through which they made a commitment to one another on a number of issues.

The Treaty of East African Co-operation

On 10 August 1965, President Nyerere addressed the Central Legislative Assembly in Dar es Salaam. One of the aims of his address was to quell the rumor that co-operation in East Africa was in danger. He stressed the already existing personal relationship between himself and his two counterparts from Uganda and Kenya as well as their individual countries as follows: “Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda are as united in their objectives as they have ever been, and as determined to work together for the benefit of all the peoples in East Africa” (Nyerere, 1968:60-61). Although some differences of opinion had already emerged here and there, President Nyerere did not see this as an anomaly.

ub-nationalisms and Regional Integration, 1930s-1950s

Sub-nationalism is characterized by parochialism. This phenomenon looms large in regional integration in East Africa. For example, a native Ugandan owed his or her first loyalty to the kingdom before any other political unit. Uganda had four prominent kingdoms: Buganda, Bunyoro, Ankole and Toro. The most powerful of these was the Kingdom of Buganda (Allen, 2004). When Sir Andrew Cohen was appointed as the Governor of Uganda in 1952, one of the questions he faced was what to do with the kingdoms? This was a vexing problem to which there was no 129 simple answer. Dismantling them would have culminated in administrative chaos. Retaining them on the other hand meant that they could not be integrated into the Uganda protectorate.

Contents :

• Abstract
• Acknowledgements
• Contents
• List of Tables
• Map of East Africa
• Abbreviations
• Chapter 1: Introduction
  • 1.1 Problem Statement
  • 1.2 Literature Review
  • 1.3 Research Aims
  • 1.4 Significance of the Study
  • 1.5 Limitations of the Study
  • 1.6 Hypothesis
  • 1.7 Research Method
  • 1.8 Organization of the Study
• Chapter 2: Theoretical Framework
  • 0. Introduction
  • 2.1 Integration
  • 2.2 Regionalism
  • 2.3 Community
  • 2.4 Nationalism
  • 2.5 Sub-nationalism
• Chapter Summary
• Chapter 3: The EAC: Historical Background,
  • 0. Introduction
  • 3.1 Regional Integration in East Africa from 1924 to
  • 3.2 Attempts at Closer Union,
  • 3.2.1 Regional Co-operation and WW II
• Chapter Summary
• Chapter 4: East African Politicians and the Establishment of the EAC, 1950s
  • 0. Introduction
  • 4.1 The Formation of EACSO
  • 4.2 De-colonization of the New Central Legislative Assembly
  • 4.3 The Raisman Commission
  • 4.4 Declaration of Federation
  • 4.5 The Treaty of East African co-operation
• Chapter Summary
• Chapter 5: Personal Interests, Sub-nationalisms and the Collapse Of the EAC
  • 0. Introduction
  • 5.1 Sub-nationalisms and Regional Integration, 1930s-1950s
  • 5.2 Personal Interests and Sub-nationalisms After Independence
  • 5.3 The Kampala Agreement
  • 5.4 Dissolution of the East African Currency Board
  • 5.5 Personal Relations Among East African Politicians in the 1970s
  • 5.6 The Final Phase
• Chapter Summary
• Chapter 6: Mission Impossible: The EAC and the Collapse Of the federal University
  • 0. Introduction
  • 6.1 The establishment of the University of East Africa
  • 6.2 Problems Experienced By the UEA and Their Impact on the EAC
  • 6.2.1 Inequality between the Constituent Colleges
  • 6.2.2 The University Calendar
  • 6.2.3 Student Population
  • 6.2.3 (a) Small Student Population
• Chapter 7: Summary and Conclusions: Learning From the Past
  • 0. Introduction
  • 7.1 Summary of the key Points
  • 7.2 Prospects for the New EAC
  • Bibliography

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AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ROLE PLAYED BY POLITICAL LEADERS, NATIONALISM AND SUB-NATIONALISMS IN THE ESTABLISHMENT AND COLLAPSE OF THE EAST AFRICAN COMMUNITY, 1960-