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Technology collaboration
Advances in technology have shifted the focus from an economy based on physical capital to an economy based on interactive knowledge. The same shift is observed in science and technology decision making. The social contract between science and society that emerged in the 1950s is undergoing a major change, which has implications for related policies globally. The above framework extends beyond previous policies that focused on the traditional mix of government, industry and university for mutual interests (Chopyak & Levesque, 2002155-157).
The above authors assessed science and technology decision making by relevant institutions in the USA, Canada and Europe to determine policy efficiency. The results indicated that following the Second World War, the USA decision-making processes were based on an informal relationship between science and society. During the 1970s and 1980s, policymaking included the relationship between science, technology and industry. During the 1990s, participatory urban planning with key stakeholders was the norm, which fostered a range of policy options based on innovation and creativity, leading to improved scientific decisions. Further policy considerations emanating from the above processes include the contribution by conglomerates and key industrial players who fund collaborative research for commercial interests. There is therefore a need for a policy framework that incorporates national and international funding institutions to interact between science, technology and society. This remains one of the key issues for the twenty first century (Chopyak & Levesque, 2002:164-166).
Concluding remarks
A primary challenge in terms of developing effective poverty policies is the political will of policy makers. Additional challenges include close co-operation between the three tiers of government to render focused service delivery. In order to strengthen institutional arrangements to ensure policy processes are on track, it is important to develop co-operative partnerships to closely monitor policy progress and address policy constraints. Proactive community participation remains vital. However, national, provincial and local government may not, for the major part, work in a collaborative effort to solve crucial social problems. This is a serious limitation in the public sector. A holistic strategy to reduce poverty includes addressing socio-economic challenges to generate income and legislative protection for micro enterprises and the necessity to assist the poor to develop an asset base to expand their economic activities (May, 1997:9). This aspect involves a range of collaborative efforts by various public sectors. This begs the question whether the respective public service delivery sectors can co-operate meaningfully to deliver holistic services to poor communities. The finding of this research study will provide some answers to this question. The relationship between science, technology and society is the future for poverty policies to move away from the sole monetary concerns in the economy to the incorporation of interactive knowledge that includes technological advances to assist with skills training, for example, in the agricultural sector to assist subsistence farmers and training skills for employment. A sizeable resource allocation is required from national and international sources to address poverty meaningfully in South Africa.
The goals of ASgiSA will continue to be viewed with some misgivings, as there is a need for effective co-ordination, implementation and monitoring to ensure that economic gains in the formal sector would cascade to the poor in the informal sector.
The economic climate prevents the informal sector from improving their economic situation, as they are trading purely for survival reasons and are therefore not able to create wealth for themselves. Science and technology development in South Africa should be aligned with ASgiSA’s economic policy.
CHAPTER 1: GENERAL INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION
1.2 PROBLEM FORMULATION
1.3. PURPOSE, GOAL AND OBJECTIVES
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTION
1.5 RESEARCH APPROACH
1.6 TYPE OF RESEARCH
1.7 ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
1.8 DEFINITION OF KEY CONCEPTS
1.9 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
1.10 PRESENTATION OF THE RESEARCH REPORT
1.11 CHAPTER SUMMARY
CHAPTER 2: GLOBAL AND NATIONAL POVERTY
2.1 INTRODUCTION
2.2 THE IMPACT OF GLOBAL POVERTY ON THE POOR
2.3 THE IMPACT OF POVERTY IN AFRICA
2.4 THE IMPACT OF POVERTY IN SOUTH AFRICA
2.5 THE IMPACT OF POVERTY ON WOMEN
2.6 THE IMPACT OF POVERTY ON CHILDREN
2.7 THE IMPACT OF POVERTY ON THE YOUTH
2.8 THE IMPACT OF POVERTY ON THE AGED
2.9 THE IMPACT OF POVERTY ON THE DISABLED
2.10 CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE IMPACT ON POVERTY
2.11 THE IMPACT OF HIV/AIDS ON POVERTY
2.12 THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT OF POVERTY
2.13 THE IMPACT OF THE MDG ON POVERTY
2.14 POVERTY PROJECTIONS AND SOCIAL JUSTICE
2.15 ADDRESSING POVERTY EFFECTIVELY IN SOUTH AFRICA
2.16 CONCLUDING REMARKS
2.17 CHAPTER SUMMARY
CHAPTER 3: PUBLIC POLICY DEVELOPMENT AND POLICY ANALYSIS
3.1 INTRODUCTION
3.2 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES ON PUBLIC POLICY DEVELOPMENT AND POLICY ANALYSIS PROCESSES
3.3 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND TO PUBLIC POLICY DEVELOPMENT AND POLICY ANALYSIS IN SOUTH AFRICA
3.4 THE NEED FOR EFFECTIVE PUBLIC POLICY DEVELOPMENT AND POLICY ANALYSIS
3.5 THE ROLE OF POLICY ANALYSIS AND POLICY ADVOCACY
3.6 A REVIEW OF SELECTED NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL SERVICE DELIVERY MODELS
3.7 POLICY DEVELOPMENT AND POLICY ANALYSIS CHALLENGES FOR GOVERNMENT
3.8 AGRICULTURE POVERTY POLICIES
3.9 ADDRESSING THE CHALLENGES OF PUBLIC POLICY DEVELOPMENT AND POLICY ANALYSIS
3.10 THE IMPERATIVE FOR COLLABORATIVE PARTNERSHIPS TO ADDRESS POVERTY POLICY ISSUES
3.11 CHAPTER SUMMARY
CHAPTER 4: RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
4.1. INTRODUCTION
4.2 RESEARCH DESIGN
4.3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
4.4 RESEARCH POPULATION, SAMPLE AND SAMPLING METHOD
4.5 EMPIRICAL RESE ARCH
4.6 DATA ANALYSIS
4.7 CHAPTER SUMMARY
CHAPTER 5: QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
5.1 INTRODUCTION
5.2 PHASES OF QUALITATIVE DATA COLLECTING
5.3 QUALITATIVE DATA
5.4 QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS
5.5 RESPONSES TO QUESTIONS
5.6 SUMMARY
CHAPTER 6: QUANTITATIVE EMPIRICAL RESEARCH FINDINGS
6.1 INTRODUCTION
6.2 RESEARCH SETTING
6.3 PHASES OF QUANTITATIVE DATA COLLECTING
6.4 MEASURING INSTRUMENT – QUANTITATIVE DATA COLLECTING
6.5 QUANTITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS
6.6 FINDINGS OF THE QUANTITATIVE DATA
6.7 ACHIEVING THE SUB-OBJECTIVES OF THE IFNP
6.8 IMPROVING HOUSEHOLD NUTRITION AND HEALTH
6.9 ESTABLISHING SAFETY NETS AND FOOD EMERGENCY
6.10 SUPPORT FOR COMMUNITY INCOME AND JOB OPPORTUNITIES
6.11 DEVELOPING EFFECTIVE AND EFFICIENT FOOD MARKETS
6.12 IMPROVED INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION
6.13 INTEGRATED STAKEHOLDER INVOLVEMENT
6.14 PROVINCIAL STEERING COMMITTEE ROLES
6.15 LOCAL STEERING COMMITTEE ROLES
6.16 CONCLUDING REMARKS
6.17 CHAPTER SUMMARY
CHAPTER 7: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
7.1 INTRODUCTION
7.2 CHAPTER 1: GENERAL INTRODUCTION
7.3 CHAPTER 2: GLOBAL AND NATIONAL POVERTY
7.4 CHAPTER 3: PUBLIC POLICY DEVELOPMENT AND POLICY ANALYSIS
7.5 CHAPTER 4: RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
7.6 CHAPTER 5: QUALITATIVE EMPIRICAL RESEARCH
7.7 CHAPTER 6: QUANTITATIVE EMPIRICAL RESEARCH
7.8 CONCLUDING REMARKS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
