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High technology
This section investigates the advancement of technology, dealing with the concept of technology devised by R. J. Van Wyk (2005), and ending with laws governing the spread of technology developed by Moore, Gilder and Metcalfe. Technology continuously advances: compare the changes in cell phones that were bulky a few years ago to present day cell phones with Bluetooth and mobile-office capability, amongst many other features.
In high-technology systems the components used in the design phase of a project have either been improved, modified and/or retrofitted in size, specification, and/or capability or have become obsolete and need to be replaced, with a newly designed component stemming from current day technology.
The modules where these newly designed components are used also need to be upgraded/modified. The related cost is dependent on quantities ordered, and Rand exchange rates as regards foreign currency.
Integrated logistics support elements (disciplines)
In this section the relevant literature regarding integrated logistics support is discussed. The ILS elements or disciplines (as some authors call them) will be briefly considered. A further literature review containing a deconstruction of these ILS elements is to be found in Chapter 4. Firstly a discrepancy exists regarding the taxonomy and nomenclature of the ILS principles: some authors (Blanchard; 2004, U.S. MIL-STD-1369; 1988, U.S. AR 700-127; 2005, U.S. Army Pamphlet 700-127; 1989, ECSS-M-70A; 1996, U.S. Army Pamphlet 700-28; 1994, Biedenbender, et al. 1993, Palguta; 1987, Carpenter; 1967, Hutchinson; 1987, Finkelstein and Guertin; 1988, Blanchard and Fabrycky; 1998, and U.S. AFI10-602; 2005) use the term ‘elements’; other authors employ the term ‘disciplines’, while still others make use of ‘element’ and ‘discipline’ (DSMC; 1989, and UK DEF-STAN 00-60; 2004), and ‘element’, ‘discipline’, and ‘activity’ (Jones, 2006) within the same source.
A ‘discipline’ can be regarded as a specific field of study, where ‘element’ can be regarded as basics, component, or first principles, and ‘activity’ can be regarded as an ‘action’, or ‘deed’. This has caused many a debate amongst professionals practising ILS , regarding which nomenclature to use, but will not be delved into here, although all end-users and contractors need to be in agreement when discussing contractual issues and deliverables. The ILS elements discussed in this section are as follows:
1) Maintenance support (Nowlan and Heap, 1978; Moubray 1991 and 1997; Levitt, 2003; Palguta, Bradley and Stockton, 1987; and Smith and Hinchcliffe; 2004);
2) Support and test equipment (S&TE) (Jones, 1995; 1998 and 2006; Blanchard; 1992 and 2004; Carpenter, 1967; Biedenbender, Vryn and Eisaman, 1993; Langford, 1995; AR-700- 127, 1999; Galloway, 1996; Hutchinson; 1987, and UK MOD; [s.a.]);
3) Supply support (Jones, 1995; Carpenter, 1967; Palguta, et al, 1987, Hutchinson, 1987; Finkelstein and Guertin, 1988; Biedenbender et al. 1993; and Blanchard, 1992 and 2004).
4) Packaging, handling, storage and transportation (PHS&T) (Jones, 1995; Biedenbender; et al 1993; Blanchard, 2004; Galloway, 1996; AR-700-127; 1999; and Finkelstein and Guertin, 1988);
5) Technical data and documentation (Jones, 1995; Galloway, 1996; Carpenter, 1967; Finkelstein and Guertin, 1988; AR 700-127, 1999; Biedenbender et al, 1993; Blanchard, 1992 and 2004; and Langford, 1995);
6) Facilities (Jones, 1995; Galloway, 1996; Carpenter, 1967; Finkelstein and Guertin, 1988; AR 700-127, 1999; Biedenbender et al 1993; and Blanchard, 1992 and 2004);
7) Manpower and personnel (Galloway, 1996; Carpenter, 1967; AR 700-127, 1999; Biedenbender et al 1993; and Blanchard, 1992 and 2004);
8) Training and training devices (Galloway, 1996; Finkelstein and Guertin, 1988; AR 700-127, 1999; Biedenbender et al. 1993; and Blanchard, 1992 and 2004);
9) Computer resources (Jones; 1995; Galloway, 1996; Carpenter, 1967; Finkelstein and Guertin, 1988; AR 700-127, 1999; Biedenbender et al 1993; Blanchard, 2004; and Langford, 1995);
10) Reliability, availability and maintainability (RAM – dependability), (Jones, 1995; Finkelstein and Guertin, 1988; Blanchard, 2004; Hutchinson, 1987; Awad and Ghaziri, 2004; Smith and Hinchcliffe, 2004; Moubray, 1991; and Langford, 1995);
11) Configuration management (Finkelstein and Guertin, 1988; Blanchard, 2004; and Langford, 1995);
12) System operational requirements (Blanchard, 2005; and Jones, 2006);
13) Equipment list (major assemblies) (Jones, 2006);
14) Obsolescence (Hutchinson, 1987; and Finkelstein and Guertin, 1988);
15) Disposal (Jones, 1995; and Blanchard, 2004); and
16) Risk management (Project Management Institute, 2000; and Blanchard, 2004).
Maintenance support – failure and maintenance
In this section maintenance is discussed, including the definition of maintenance, the definition of a failure and a functional failure, while types of failures are also considered. In addition maintenance concepts, repair policies, various levels of maintenance and maintenance plans are also discussed.
Maintenance is work undertaken to restore a failed item to its pre-failure condition. Basically although an item may be operational, it often eventually ceases functioning and needs to be restored to its working condition. A failure can be seen as an item of equipment or a system which is unserviceable. Various authors (Moubray, 1991 and 1997; and Nowlan and Heap, 1978) confirm this statement from various perspectives, listed below.
A failure can be defined as ‘… the inability of any asset to do what its users want it to do’. (Moubray, 1997:46). Moubray (1991:49) and Nowlan and Heap (1978:18) all identify a failure as ‘… an unsatisfactory condition’.
CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING
1.1 INTRODUCTION
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
1.3 SCOPE OF STUD
1.4 RESEARCH PROBLEM
1.5 RESEARCH QUESTION AND REQUIREMENTS TO ANSWER.
1.6 PROPOSITIONS .
1.7 ASSUMPTIONS
1.8 DELIMITATIONS .
1.9 RESEARCH OVERVIEW
1.10 IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY
1.11 CHAPTER OUTLINE.
1.12 SYNOPSIS OF THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW.
2.1 INTRODUCTION.
2.2 SEMINAL LITERATURE – OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT
2.2.1 TAYLOR – SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT
2.2.2 FAYOL – PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT
2.2.3 DRUCKER – MANAGEMENT BY OBJECTIVES
2.2.4 WOODWARD – PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT .
2.2.5 SCHEIN – ORGANISATIONAL CULTURE.
2.2.6 SENGE – LEARNING ORGANISATION
2.3 SUPPLY CHAIN, SUPPLY NETWORK AND SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT..
2.4 INTRODUCTION TO INTEGRATED LOGISTICS SYSTEMS
2.5 BRIEF HISTORY OF LOGISTICS.
2.6 DEFINITIONS OF LOGISTICS
2.7 DEFINITIONS OF INTEGRATED LOGISTICS SUPPORT
2.8 EVOLUTION OF THE INTEGRATED LOGISTICS CONCEPT
2.9 AVAILABLE MODELS OF INTEGRATED LOGISTICS SUPPORT –MILITARY
2.10 MILITARY EXPENDITURE
2.11 DEVELOPING WORLD CONTEXT
2.12 HIGH TECHNOLOGY
2.13 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT
2.14 INTEGRATED LOGISTICS SUPPORT ELEMENTS (DISCIPLINES)
2.15 TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY FROM MILITARY TO INDUSTRIAL SYSTEMS
2.16 FINANCIAL/BUDGET CONSTRAINTS FOR LOGISTIC SUPPORT.
2.17 SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW – CURRENT RELEVANT LITERATURE
CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH DESIGN.
3.1 INTRODUCTION
3.2 APPROACH TO RESEARCH.
3.3 PHASE 1, PHASE 2 AND PHASE 3 RESEARCH
3.4 INTEGRATION OF THE THREE PHASES OF RESEARCH.
3.5 SUMMARY OF RESEARCH DESIGN.
CHAPTER 4 PHASE 1 RESEARCH: DECONSTRUCTION OF LITERATURE – INTEGRATED LOGISTICS SUPPORT.
4.1 INTRODUCTION.
4.2 DECONSTRUCTION DEFINED AND USED
4.3 DECONSTRUCTION OF LITERATURE.
4.4 SUMMARY OF DECONSTRUCTED LITERATURE
CHAPTER 5 PHASE 2 RESEARCH: DECONSTRUCTION OF CASE STUDIES.
CHAPTER 6 PHASE 3 RESEARCH – QUANTITATIVE.
CHAPTER 7 COLLATION OF THREE PHASES OF RESEARCH.
CHAPTER 8 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
CHAPTER 9 REFERENCES
GET THE COMPLETE PROJECT
THE DEVELOPMENT OF A FRAMEWORK FOR AN INTEGRATED LOGISTICS SUPPORT SYSTEM WITHIN A HIGH TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY
