The Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS in Zambia

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That HIV/AIDS has been reported from every inhabited continent and every country is an indisputable fact. Hardest hit, however, is Africa south of the Sahara Desert where the epidemic is gaining speed (UNAIDS and WHO 2009; UNAIDS and WHO 2007; CSO et al. 2009). This section sketches both the global and Zambian contexts in as far as the HIV/AIDS epidemic is concerned as at the close of the year 2007. The UNAIDS/WHO 2007 AIDS Epidemic Update reveals that “Every day, over 6800 persons become infected with HIV and over 5700 persons die from AIDS, mostly because of inadequate access to HIV prevention and treatment services” (UNAIDS andWHO 2007: 4).
The Update (2007) further admits that the HIV epidemic remains the most serious of infectious diseases to challenge public health. At the end of 2007, there were 32.2 million adults and children living with HIV.
The figure was scaled down from 39.5 million (UNAIDS and WHO 2006) due to the improvement of estimation methods used to arrive at HIV statistics (UNAIDS and WHO 2007:3) whereby India significantly revised her figures.
The world map (Figure 1:1) shows the global distribution of people living with HIV. Notably, Sub-Saharan Africa leads in HIV prevalence with 22.5million which is approximately 63% of all people infected with HIV globally.

CHAPTER ONE: ORIENTATION OF RESEARCH
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 The Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS in Zambia
1.1.2 Factors Perpetuating HIV/AIDS Growth in Zambia
1.1.3 Modes of HIV Infection
1.2 A Slow Response to HIV/AIDS in Zambia
1.2.1 A Sluggish Start
1.2.2 Current Approaches to Risky Behavioural Change in Zambia
1.3 Problem Statemen
1.4 Purpose of the Study
1.5 Relevance of the Study
1.6 Hypothesis
1.7 Method of Study
1.8 Description of Chapters
CHAPTER TWO: DOING PRACTICAL THEOLOGY AMID A GROWING HIV/AIDS EPIDEMIC
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Defining Practical Theology
2.3 HIV-Risk Behaviour Defined
2.4.1 The Dilemma of HIV-Risk Behaviour Change in Zambia
2.4.2 Cultural and Traditional Practices
2.4.3 A Taboo on Sex Education
2.4.4 Lack of Male circumcision
2.4.5 Multiple and Concurrent Sexual Partnerships
2.4.6 HIV-Associated Stigma
2.5. Current Approaches to Risky Behaviour Change
2.5.1 Theories and Models of HIV-Risk Behavioural Change
2.5.1.1 Theories Focusing on the Individual
2.6.1 Major Approaches to HIV-Risk Behaviour Change in Zambia
2.6.1.1 Interventions Aimed at Individuals
2.7 Toward a Theology of HIV Behaviour Change
2.7.1 HIV-Risk Behaviour and Moralizing
2.7.2 A Conversation on Sex and Sexuality
2.7.3 God and HIV-Risk Behaviour Change
2.7.4 HIV Behaviour Change versus HIV-Associated Stigma
2.8 Conclusion
CHAPTER THREE: WORLDVIEWS AND HIV-RISK BEHAVIOUR CHANGE
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Exploring the Concept of Worldview
3.2.1 Origins of the Concept of Worldview
3.2.2 A Model of Worldview
3.3 Functions of Worldviews
3.3.1 Plausibility Framework
3.3.2 Emotional Security
3.3.3 Basis for Ethical Judgements
3.3.4 Integrates a People’s Culture
3.3.5 Regulation of Culture
3.3.6 Society’s Psychological Reassurance
3.4 Characteristics of Worldviews
3.4.1 Worldview Depth
3.4.2 Worldviews Are Not in the Genes
3.4.3 Worldviews are Implicit
3.4.4 Worldviews and Causality
3.4.5 Worldviews are Integrated Systems
3.4.6 Generativity of Worldviews
3.4.7 Worldviews are Constructed and Contested
3.5 Worldview Transformation Dynamics
3.5.1 An Elementary Model of Worldview Change
3.5.2 A Worldview Change Model
3.5.3 Transformational Culture Change
3.6 The Role of Worldview in Behaviour Change
3.7 Conclusion
CHAPTER FOUR: TRANSFORMING WORLDVIEWS FOR HIV-RISK BEHAVIOUR CHANGE
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Understanding Worldview Transformation
4.2.1 Transformation and Cognitive Categories
4.3 Transformation and HIV-Risk Behaviour Change
4.3.1 Worldview Transformation and Cultural Dimensions
4.3.2 Levels of HIV-risk Behaviour Transformation
4.3.3 Varieties of Worldview Transformation
4.4 Ways of Transforming Worldviews
4.4.1 Transformation by Examining Worldviews
4.4.2 Transformation by Exposure to Other Worldviews
4.4.3 Transformation by Creating Living Rituals
4.5 Conclusion
CHAPTER FIVE: THESIS SUMMARY, PROSPECTIVE ISSUES, AND CONCLUSION
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Synopses of Chapters
5.2.1 Synopsis of Chapter one
5.2.2 Synopsis of Chapter Two
5.2.3 Synopsis of Chapter Three
5.2.4 Synopsis of Chapter Four
5.3 Prospective Issues
5.4 Conclusion
6.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY