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Topic introduction
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) pose a major public health problem threatening both social and economic development worldwide, particularly in low and middle-income countries.1 The four major categories of NCDs are cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic respiratory disease, and diabetes; which share four major behavioural risk factors namely tobacco use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity and harmful use of alcohol. Among these modifiable risk factors, tobacco use is the world largest preventable cause of illness and death. It is considered as the most important risk factor for NCDs, particularly cardiovascular and chronic respiratory diseases (high blood pressure, congestive obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer).
There are over 1.1 billion smokers in the world and cigarette smoking is the most common form of tobacco use worldwide. The World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that tobacco kills nearly 7 million people each year, of which more than 600 000 are non-smokers dying from environmental tobacco smoke, also called environmental tobacco pollution, or second-hand smoke. If no action is taken, tobacco will kill approximately more than 8 million people every year by 2030, with more than 80% of these deaths attributed to inhabitants in low and middle-income countries.
In South Africa and in Togo, like most of Sub-Saharan African countries, NCDs continue to rise despite both countries’ commitments as WHO Member States to implement effective interventions. This is due to increasing incomes urbanisation, changes in lifestyle and diet. The rise in prevalence of NCDs is also due to inadequate resource allocation within the government to prevent and control NCDs while attempts to control tobacco use are hampered by resistance from tobacco industries. Further, policies and programmes to control tobacco use require collaboration (through a process of cooperation, coordination or integration) from multiple sectors within and outside the health sectors. For this reason, Multi-Sectoral Approach (MSA) is a hallmark of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.
CHAPTER 1 BACKGROUND
1.1. Topic introduction
1.2. Problem statement and research questions
1.3. Research objectives
1.4. Significance of the study
1.5. Chapters’ overview
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1. Burden of Non-Communicable Diseases and their risk factors .
2.2. Measures used to address NCD and their risk factors .
2.3. Tobacco use and tobacco control policies
2.4. Empirical evidences on multi-sectoral approach .
2.5. Theoretical basis: conceptual frameworks
2.6. Study conceptual framework
CHAPTER 3 METHODS.
3.1. Study context .
3.2. Study design .
3.3. Data collection procedures .
3.4. Data management and analysis
3.5. Ethical considerations
3.6. Limitations
CHAPTER 4 FINDINGS
4.1. Documentary Reviews
4.2. Case studies
4.4. Comparative analysis of South Africa and Togo policy formulation and implementation
CHAPTER 5 DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
5.1. Soundness of the formulation and level implementation of tobacco control policies in South Africa and in Togo. .
5.2. Appropriateness of the study conceptual framework .
5.3. Effectiveness of the use of MSA in tobacco control policies in South Africa and in Togo
5.4. Extent of the understanding and use of MSA in tobacco control policies in South Africa and in Togo
CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
LIST OF APPENDICES:
Appendix 1: Summary of the coded transcripts of the key informants’ interviews .
Appendix 2: Key-informant interview guide, participant invitation and information sheet, and participant’s consent form.
Appendix 3: University of Pretoria Ethics Committee approval letter .
Appendix 4: Proof of article acceptance
Appendix 5: Curriculum Vitae
REFERENCES .
